Thursday, August 9, 2012

Vox Populi Vox Dei = Suara Mayoritas Suara Tuhan?

Istilah vox populi vox dei adalah ungkapan kuno yang menjadi roh pelaksanaan demokrasi modern. Vox populi vox dei yang berarti suara rakyat adalah suara tuhan, dalam demokrasi modern dimaknai bahwa suara yang dikemukakan rakyat menjadi aktualisasi kehendak tuhan. Sehingga mendengarkan suara rakyat berarti mendengar suara tuhan. Kaitannya dengan demokrasi adalah mekanisme pengambilan keputusan ditentukan dengan mengutamakan jumlah terbanyak dari yang memilih alternatif yang tersedia.

Dalam pemilihan umum (pemilu), untuk menentukan pemenangnya maka calon pemimpin yang memperoleh suara terbanyak akan ditentukan sebagai pemenang. Apakah dengan demikian bahwa terpilihnya calon pemimpin tersebut sudah mencerminkan kehendak rakyat? Kehendak rakyat yang termanifestasi dari pilihan politik dapat dinyatakan sebagai kehendak tuhan atas pemimpin masyarakat tersebut? Apakah kemudian suara mayoritas dapat merepresentasi suara rakyat, sehingga dapat dinyatakan sebagai suara tuhan?

Ketiga pertanyaan tersebut adalah perenungan terhadap praktek demokrasi Indonesia saat ini. Nilai demokrasi yang tertransformasi di benak masyarakat adalah suara terbanyak adalah kekuasaan untuk melaksanakan sebuah kepentingan. Kepentingan akan memperoleh legitimasi untuk dilaksanakan sejauh mendapat dukungan dari suara terbanyak. Nilai ini tanpa kebijaksanaan, atau minus kehati-hatian akan mengarahkan pada tirani mayoritas. Sebagaimana dituliskan dalam surat Alcuin, “Nec audiendi qui solent dicere, Vox populi, vox Dei, quum tumultuositas vulgi semper insaniae proxima sit.” (English translation: And those people should not be listened to who keep saying the voice of the people is the voice of God, since the riotousness of the crowd is always very close to madness) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_populi.


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